Population, Environment and Planning for Sustainable Development in Nigeria
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Abstract
The achievement of sustainable development as a new parameter to improve the living conditions of people in different parts of the world requires much from the interaction between population and environment. We examine this interaction in the context of Nigeria based on logical assessment and synthesis of ideas from a pool of literature. The major standpoint in the population-environment relationship in most submissions is that man defifinitely depends on the environment for survival and most of his activities are detrimental to the environment. Most common pathways of human pressure on the environment include agricultural (farming) activities, deforestation, urbanization, industrialization, waste disposal, pollution, flood and the devastating effect of climate change. Nigeria which has a young and growing population at about 2.61 percent with infant and child mortality rates of 61 and 27 per1000 respectively, maternal mortality rate of 917/100,000), total fertility rate of 3.7, life expectancy rate of 54.07, a dependency ratio of 87 and a high rate of natural increase presents a terrible scenario. This paper argues that to plan adequately for sustainable development in Nigeria, strategic actions should be taken to put the population under control, establish a comprehensive data bank on human activity patterns on the environment to smoothen policy formulation and enforcement of relevant laws related to environmental protection, and reduction in the rate of poverty among the people.
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